It consist of silicon, germanium pn junction with a glass windows on the top surface layer of ptype, the ptype material is made very thin and wide so that the incident light photon may easily reach to pn junction. Table of contents solar energy 1 energy from the sun 1 early solar energy commercial adaption 3 applications of solar technology 3 architecture and urban planning 4. I biology i lecture outline 5 the cell dyersburg state community. Solar cells and nanotechnology by mike priaulx current solar power technology has little chance to compete with fossil fuels or large electric grids. Hybrid system economics, interface requirements, stable operation, transientsafety, operating limits of voltage, frequency. An electrochemical cell fuel cell or battery cell, however, can directly convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity. The cell can be considered as a two terminal device which conducts like a diode in the dark and generates a photovoltage when charged by the sun. When light reaches the pn junction, the light photons can easily enter in the junction, through very thin ptype layer. Since the voltage is too small for most applications, to produce a useful voltage, the cells are connected in series into. You can find a few questions on the solar system in many competitive recruitment exams like railways rrb, ssc cgl, sbi po, sbi clerk, ibps clerk, and ibps po.
The solar cell traps all the electrons released by the silicon and pushes them in one direction, which creates an electric current. Lecture notes prepared by mike foster spring 2007 solar radiation sources. Solar cells made of these materials can thus have a thickness clearly below 10. Cells are small and in almost all situations a microscope is needed to observe them and their subcellular components. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. Lecture outlines powerpoint chapter 22 earth science 11e tarbucklutgens. Lecture notes for methods in cell biology tulane university. When charged by the sun, this basic unit generates a dc photovoltage of 0. Cells in many organs and tissues form interconnected systems. For each lecture, the powerpoint file is available, along with a fullcolor 4slideperpage pdf version. An introduction, chapter 3 the sun nearly all of the energy that the earth receives and that drives the ocean and atmosphere.
Introduction to fundamentals of photovoltaics lecture1 introduction. It aims to promote the expansion of solar photovoltaics from relatively small and specialized use to. It aims to promote the expansion of solar photovoltaics from relatively small and specialized use to a largescale contribution to energy supply. Mit opencourseware makes the materials used in the teaching of almost all of mits subjects available on the web, free of charge. Lecture 5, solar radiation, part 1, principles instructor. The background is a light color, so printing black and white or grayscale should go easy on the ink. Sustainable energy science and engineering center the solar cell is the basic building block of solar photovoltaics. Beers law is often used to evaluate the attenuation of monochromatic sunlight by the atmosphere rr mgg, exp 0 rg0 is the radiation flux density of an aerosol free atmosphere, is the turbidity coefficient or optical depth and m is mass of the air, computed as the secant of the solar. Solar photovoltaic lecture view a minilecture on the basics of solarphotovoltaic power given by tim wilhelm, an expert in solarphotovoltaic, solar thermal, and small wind energy systems. Although these solar cells may appear to be quite different from solar cells mad.
Recent progress of spectrolab highefficiency space solar cells. Silicon, like the silicon found in a computer chip, is a common semiconductor in a photovoltaic cell. Therefore, electrochemical cells create electricity chemically, rather than by combustion, at a higher efficiency at least in principle, because they are not subjected to ther. Solar system has 165 moons, one star, eight planets added uranus and neptune, eight asteroids and more than 100 kuiper belt objects more than 300 km in diameter, smaller asteroids, comets, and meteoroids 6. Nanotechnology has already shown huge breakthroughs in the solar field. Sep 01, 2011 organic solar cells make use of lowcost organic polymers for photovoltaics. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Solar cell characterization efficiency h p max p in ff. Moon, stars, mercury, venus, mars, jupiter, saturn, comets, and meteors. Solar cells contents 1 introduction 1 2 solar spectrum 2 3 solar cell working principle 3 4 solar cell iv characteristics 7 5 solar cell materials and e ciency 10 1 introduction solar cells and photodetectors are devices that convert an optical input into current. Introduction to photovoltaic solar energy miro zeman delft university of technology 1. Lecture notes fundamentals of photovoltaics mechanical.
Lecture notes on renewable energy sources subject code. Ch4 solar cell operational principles tu delft ocw. These particles are then free to move out into the interplanetary medium, and with a continuous supply of en. The cell theory states that all living organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and cells come. In the quasineutral regions the concentration of electrons and holes is the same as in the isolated doped semiconductors. A solar cell is an example of a photovoltaic device, i. The light energy, in the form of photons, supplies sufficient energy to the junction to create a number of electronhole pairs. Whether the first cells formed directly from some primordial soup. I sc p in p in is the incident light power efficiency is defined as the ratio of output power from the solar cell to input power from the sun. Lecture outlines powerpoint chapter 22 tarbucklutgens. The planets appeared to wander around other objects.
We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Equation 1 is only an idealized description of a solar cell. Thinner crystalline silicon cells are under development, but must be provided with the discussed optical properties, resulting in increased. Nccer, introduction to solar photovoltaics tg module pearson. Formation of the solar wind aims, learning outcomes, and overview aim. Hence, insulators possess virtually no freely moving electrons. Lecture 10 of fundamentals of photovoltaics course, delivered by prof. Ken durose, nov 7 2014 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Nobel lecture, 7 december 20 by james edward rothman.
The solar cell is the basic building block of solar photovoltaics. Overview of the solar system solar system includes sun nine planets and their satellites asteroids comets meteoroids. Nanotechnology might be able to increase the efficiency of solar cells, but the most promising application of nanotechnology is the reduction of manufacturing cost. Dennis baldocchi professor of biometeorology ecosystem science division department of environmental science, policy and management 345 hilgard hall university of california, berkeley berkeley, ca 94720 september 12, 2014 this set of lectures will discuss a. Professor wilhelm is the program coordinator and professor for the electrical technology program at kcc, which includes the following training areas. F top contact, striking the dye on the surface of the tio 2. Understanding the currentvoltage characteristics of. Solar photovoltaic lecture kankakee community college. A solar cell is basically a junction diode, although its construction it is little bit different from conventional pn junction diodes. Organic solar cells make use of lowcost organic polymers for photovoltaics. Introduction to cellular and molecular biologycontemporary biology ii. This is the reason why a detailed understanding of the dark characteristic of a solar cell is essential for obtaining a good efficiency. Single and polycrystalline silicon growth, impurity diffusion, contacts modules, interconnection. Lecture 3 types of solar cells experiment 3 generations.
Students understand the principles of the photovoltaic conversion and learn about the advantages and limitations of different solar cell technologies, such as crystalline silicon solar cell technology and thin film solar cell technologies. When a photon hits silicon, it will sometimes release an electron. Solar system gk notes in pdf our little corner of the universe is called the solar system. It consist of silicon, germanium pn junction with a glass windows on the top surface layer of ptype, the ptype material is made very thin and wide so that the. Please see lecture video for example images of each type of solar panel. We then apply a few finer electrodes on the top of the ptype semiconductor layer these electrodes do not obstruct light to reach the thin ptype layer. Stand alone systems, concept of microgrid and its components, hybrid systems hybrid with diesel, with fuel cell, solarwind, wind hydro systems, mode controller, load sharing, system sizing. This introduction to solar cells covers the basics of pn junctions, optical absorption, and iv characteristics.
Single and polycrystalline silicon growth, impurity diffusion, contacts. Conventional pn junction photovoltaic cell hot charge carriers e hole loses. Chapter 6 the solar system university of texas at austin. We do not know what energy exactly is, we use this term to describe a. Lecture 3 types of solar cells experiment 3 generations generation 1. With more than 2,200 courses available, ocw is delivering on the promise of open sharing of knowledge. Performance metrics such as efficiency, shortcircuit current, fill factor, and open. Layers in the solar cell organic and polymer solar cells.
Sunlight enters the cell through the transparent sno 2. Introduction to solar cells horizon energy curriculum. Questions on the solar system funnily turn up in both geography and science. Pv basics, which roughly covers the topics covered in part ii on pv fundamentals.
The spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight solar cell temperature. Picture of a solar cell, which utilizes nanorods to convert light into electricity ref. There is geological evidence of cellular life over the last 2 billion years on earth. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Students learn about renewable energy sources, namely the direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity using solar cells. Nov 07, 2014 lecture 10 of fundamentals of photovoltaics course, delivered by prof. An example of such a material is an ntype semiconductor, in which a large electron conductivity with respect to the. Lecture 6 solar radiation part 2 principles notes 2014.
The background is a light color, so printing black. Photovoltaic solar energy conversion provides an introduction to the fundamental physical principles of solar cells. As shown in the given diagram the solar cell is like an ordinary diode. Sep 01, 2011 this introduction to solar cells covers the basics of pn junctions, optical absorption, and iv characteristics. Be able to identify the different steps in the theory behind the solar cells be able to measure the efficiency of a solar cell be able to describe the different layers in the solar cell and understand their function be ready to argue for different applications of the solar cells. At the regions of cell contact, the membranes make junctions so structured as to form effective passageways between cells, where.
Working principles of solar and other energy conversion cells. Pnjunction diode when the junction is illuminated, a net current flow takes place in an external lead connecting the ptype and ntype. Liou 2002 an introduction to atmospheric radiation, chapter 1, 2 s. Covers the basic concepts of pv systems and their components, along with general sizing and electricalmechanical design. Twotemperature modeling results 500 500 phonon dashed lines. Images used in lectures will be provided as downloaded pdf files via. Introduction to organic solar cells dr chris fell solar group leader csiro energy technology, newcastle, australia. Utilizing nanotechnology in inexpensive solar cell would help to preserve the environment.